Field data collection continues today with numerous opportunities for investigators to inform longitudinal follow-up and clinical collaborations including opportunities for linkage with electronic health records and other administrative data. The detailed data on household address and residential history can now be integrated with objective health and biomarker data to support innovative research projects integrating contextual social and environmental data across the life-course with cutting-edge biomarker analyses to advance understanding of biological mechanisms underlying health inequalities. Questionnaire data include a variety of medical and family history, mental health, occupation, life experiences, physical activity, diet, sleep and neighborhood perception data. From its inception, SHOW aimed to capture multi-level determinants of data to examine proximate and distal factors shaping health and well-being. To date, no other such statewide study sample exists. Unique elements of the SHOW program include the geographically diverse study population, the breadth of objective and biological data collected, the ability to link social and environmental contextual data, and the flexibility of the program to support translational science and health equity research. Scientific direction is provided by experts in population health research from across the entire University of Wisconsin-Madison campus, including a Scientific Advisory Board. Core funding for SHOW is provided by the Wisconsin Partnership Program and additional support comes from ancillary projects funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, among others. SHOWs mission in 2021 is to support ongoing population health monitoring and research, foster diverse partnerships, and support ongoing education in order to promote population health equity and well-being in Wisconsin and beyond. 4 A decade later, the SHOW study sample continues to grow through multiple waves of data collection and ancillary studies and continues to serve as a state-of-the-art infrastructure for population health research. Initially modeled after National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), SHOW provides a level of granularity to study the health status of individuals and determinants across rural and urban areas at a greater level of detail than national surveys. The Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) was established in 2008 by the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health with funding from an institutional endowment with the goals of 1) providing a timely and accurate picture of the health of the state residents and 2) serving as an agile resource infrastructure for ancillary studies that require access to community-based samples. Next-generation sequencing and “big-data” approaches have accelerated the pace of biomarker discovery, but how these biological factors are shaped by larger social, environmental and individual-level determinants within and between diverse populations across the lifecourse is less well understood. Further, new resources are needed to capture the multi-level data with increased geographic granularity are necessary to advance population health sciences. Technological advances are leading to rapid discovery of biological markers and new population-based research infrastructures are needed to support novel translational research. Several long-term general population cohort studies, such as the Framingham Heart Study the Nurse’s Health Study that began in mid-20 th century, 1– 3 have provided extensive information on determinants of priority health conditions including cardiovascular disease and cancer in the United States. These factors operate at multiple levels from individual differences in genetics, environmental exposures and life experiences to the physical environment, social, cultural and economic contexts in which we live. Increasingly, it is understood that health and well-being are shaped by a myriad of interconnected factors.
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